Psychological and economic studies consider ways in which gain, losses and probabilities are associated and combined to generate informed choices. The process of decision-making is based on the choice between alternative behaviours. Therefore, they are well suited to study the relations among neurodevelopment, delayed discounting and the larger executive functioning network subsiding decision making. Results are discussed in terms of the relation between working memory load and decision-making processes, their impact on impulsive behaviour in ADHD and the need for future research to understand possible neurocognitive correlates and use that information to develop better inclusive policies.ĭelayed Discounting (DD) refers to the human preference for smaller but quicker rewards rather than larger but delayed rewards due to the subjective devaluation of rewards as a function of the delay to their delivery.Ĭhildren with ADHD are characterized by elevated inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, and more generally present differences in executive functioning, comprising an alteration of the reward processing networks and choice impulsivity. Furthermore, the memory load impact on frequency of immediate rewards was stronger in children with ADHD compared to typically developing children. ResultsĬompared to peers with typical development, delayed discounting was significantly stronger in children with ADHD and discounting rates increased in both groups for heavier memory loads. The experiment was conducted in a school setting. In the primary task the child has to choose between two different amounts of money at different time delays, while in the secondary task the child has to repeat a random series of digits with different lengths. Thirty-two children equally divided between typically developing and ADHD, from 8 to 10 years of age were assigned to sessions of a dual-task paradigm. A delayed discounting (DD) paradigm was used, comparing children with ADHD and age-matched controls. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of working memory load in impulsivity during decision-making processes. Deficits in working memory tasks have been widely documented in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) studies.
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